53. 동명사

 

1. 명사적 용법 (동명사)     ① ∼라는 것, ∼하는 것 ∼하기     ② ∼하는데 쓰이는, ∼을 위한

1. 주어(동사원형+ing ∼) + 동사 + ------.      = It + 동사 ------- 진주어(동사원형+ing ∼). 2. 주어 + 타동사(Vt) + 목적어(동사원형+ing ∼). 3. 주어 + 자동사(Vi) + 주격보어(동사원형+ing ∼). 4. 주어 + 타동사 + 목적어 + 목적보어(동사원형+ing ∼) - (×)                                              5. 주어 + 타동사 + 목적어(동사원형+ing ∼) + 목적보어.     = 주어 + 타동사 + it + 목적보어 + 진목적어(동사원형+ing ∼). 6. 전치사 + 동사원형+ing ∼ (전치사의 목적어) 7. 동사원형+ing + 명사           ∼하는데 쓰이는(∼을 위한) 8. 명사, 동사원형+ing ∼ (동격)

 

1. Scientists' studying the amounts and kinds of food that people consume is easy.

     = For scientists to study the kinds of food that people consume is easy.

     = That scientists study the kinds of food that people consume is easy.

     = It is easy for scientists to study the kinds of food that people consume.

     = It is easy scientists' studying the kinds of food that people consume.

     = It is easy that scientists study the kinds of food that people consume.

2. Speaking English fluently is not easy. [┅하는 것-명사적(동명사)➜주어]

3. Traveling by car is exciting.

4. Riding a bike is a popular sport today.

▶ When European theorists speak of equality, they commonly mean equal status of equal wealth. When Americans use the same term, they usually mean a competition in which everyone gets on equal start. Most of the great social reforms of the 1960s were designed to bring the poor and the blacks "into the running" on something approaching the same footing as the more prosperous and better educated majority. Giving everyone a chance to vote, teaching children to read, and getting them all through high school with a real chance of college and beyond all represent the kind of equality that has enormous support in the United States. 

          *get on start (출발하다, 시작하다) footing n. 발판; 기반

5. I like listening to music. [┅하는 것 - 명사적(동명사) ➜ 목적어]

    ➡ I like to listen to music. [┅하는 것 - 명사적 ➜ 목적어]

    ▶like, love, begin, continue, start, intend, hate, cease, neglect, attempt, prefer, ┅

6. She enjoys playing the violin. (목적어로 동명사가 취하는 동사)

    ▶stop, enjoy, finish, mind, give up, avoid, admit, permit, quit, dislike, postpone, escape, practice, mention, deny, put off, consider, ┅

6-1. I want to meet you. (목적어로 부정사가 취하는 동사)

    ▶hope, decide, want, wish, expect, be sure, be certain, be likely, learn, refuse, promise, manage, desire, ┅

7. I remember meeting him last year. (과거)

    I remember to meet him tomorrow. (미래)

    ▶remember, forget, regret

    He tried moving the piano. (시험 삼아 ┅해보다)

    He tried to move the piano. (┅하려고 노력하다, ┅하려고 애쓰다)  *stop ㉹ 그만두다 ㉶ 멈춰서다

    He stopped smoking. [┅하는 것 - 명사적(동명사) ➜ 목적어]

    He stopped to smoke. [┅하기 위하여 - 부사적 ➜ 목적]

8. I remember meeting John the other day.

9. Don't forget to turn out.

10. I'll never forget hearing her song the other day.

▶ I forgot to lock the door yesterday, so when I came back home, I realized that somebody broke in. 

▶ "We regret to announce that your flight to London is canceled", we heard, arriving on the airport.

▶ We didn't forget experiencing the discomfort that day. 

11. She finished writing a letter.

12. He started washing the car.

13. He finished doing his homework.

14. A : Would you mind my[me] smoking here?

     B : No, I don't. / Of course not. / Not at all. / Certainly not.

          Yes, I do.

15. My hobby is climbing mountains. [┅하는 것 - 명사적(동명사) ➜ 주격보어]

      ➡ My hobby is to climb mountains. [┅하는 것 - 명사적 ➜ 주격보어]

15-1. A child who looks directly at a parent or a teacher in such a situation is not being respectful or polite. 

15-2. I am sure that these differences make living in Korea interesting.

15-3. Situated at an elevation of 1,350m, the city of Kathmandu, which looks out on the sparkling Himalayas, enjoys a warm climate year-round that make living here pleasant.

16. His job is teaching English. [┅하는 것 - 명사적(동명사) ➜ 주격보어]

       ➡                                                                                                                             

17. He is afraid of going out alone. [┅하는 것 - 명사적(동명사) ➜ 전치사의 목적어]

18. How about going to a movie?

19. Thank you for calling me.

20. He went away without saying a word.

21. I'm afraid of seeing him there.

22. What about studying English together?

23. I was late for school because of getting up late.

24. I'm sorry for keeping you waiting long.

25. He was busy (in) writing a letter.

     cf) 1. We cannot be too careful in choosing friends.

              = We cannot be too careful when we choose friend.

             Be polite in speaking to others.

             = Be polite when you speak to others.

       2. On arriving there, he sent me a telegram.

          = As soon as he arrived there, he sent me a telegram.

26. I am looking forward to meeting her again.

27. In spite of doing his best, he failed.

28. Thank you for inviting me to the party.

29. I don't like your coming late to school.

30. I am sure of her living to eighty. (미래의 의미)

▶ He is responsible for organizing lessons.

▶ Where there is genuine interest, one may work diligently without even realizing it, and in such situations success follows. 

▶  And many people are still nervous about documents being accidentally deleted from a computer through a computer system failure or a power outage.

▶ On a flight from New York City to Geneva, Switzerland, I sat next to a passenger who spent most of the time (on) bothering and insulting the flight attendant. 

▶ People are accustomed to using blankets to make themselves warm.

▶ Adults are not accustomed to returning to school and sitting for long hours listening to teachers and reading books.

▶ The same is true of things you have briefly read in your textbook without really grasping them and then making an effort to commit them to memory.

▶ He insisted on climbing Mont Blanc, though his mother told him not to.

▶ I had huge difficulty (in) persuading the staff in the meeting.

31. Seeing is believing. (= To see is to believe.)

32. But the passionate longing for peace on the part of all peoples of the earth compels us to speed our search for new and more effective instruments of justice.

      *on the part of (┅의 편에서) 

33. the sleeping princess ➡ the princess who is sleeping.  [┅하고 있는 - 형용사적(현재분사) - 한정적]

34. a sleeping car ➡ a car for sleeping. [┅하는데 쓰이는 - 명사적(동명사) ➜ 명사앞]

                                       school buses , tooth brush

▶ According to one scientific study, music raises the learning capacity in so-called "hard" subjects like mathematics and physics in addition to language acquisition, and this should help restore a more balanced curriculum. 

▶ The growing interest of consumers in these foods is a welcome sign that people are playing attention to the safety and nutritional quality of their diet. 

35. a swimming pool ➡ a pool for swimming.

36. a dancing hall ➡ a hall for dancing.