34. 형용사절(관계사)-1 : who, whose, whom, that, which
형용사절(관계사): who, whose, whom, that, which
주절
종속절➡형용사절➡한정적
1. The famous writer wants to live in simplicity. She is engaged to him.
① The famous writer whom she is engaged to wants to live in simplicity.
② The famous writer who she is engaged to wants to live in simplicity.
③ The famous writer to whom she is engaged wants to live in simplicity.
④ The famous writer that she is engaged to wants to live in simplicity.
⑤ The famous writer she is engaged to wants to live in simplicity.
그녀가(와) 약혼한 그 유명한 작가는 검소하게 살고 싶어 한다.
simplicity [simplísǝti] n. ① 단순; 단일; 간단, 평이; 간편
② 간소, 검소; 수수함, 담박
• simplicity in style 문체의 간소함
③ 순박함, 순진, 천진난만함; 실직(實直), 성실함(sincerity)
• the sweet simplicity of a child 어린이의 귀여운 천진난만함
④ 우직, 무지(silliness); 사람이 좋음
2. The snow has piled up for about 2 million. The top of Mt. K2 is covered with it.
① The snow which the top of Mt. K2 is covered with has piled up for about 2 million.
② The snow that the top of Mt. K2 is covered with has piled up for about 2 million.
③ The snow with which the top of Mt. K2 is covered has piled up for about 2 million.
④ The snow the top of Mt. K2 is covered with has piled up for about 2 million.
K2산 정상에 덮여있는 눈은 약 200만년동안 싸여져 왔다.
3. Mrs. Brown's son is in New York. She sent an e-mail to him yesterday.
① Mrs. Brown's son whom she sent an e-mail to yesterday is in New York.
② Mrs. Brown's son who she sent an e-mail to yesterday is in New York.
③ Mrs. Brown's son that she sent an e-mail to yesterday is in New York.
④ Mrs. Brown's son to whom she sent an e-mail yesterday is in New York.
⑤ Mrs. Brown's son she sent an e-mail to yesterday is in New York.
그녀가 어제 이 메일을 보낸 브라운 여사의 아들은 뉴욕에 있다.
4. He is a reliable lawyer. You ought to consult him.
①
②
③
④
그는 네가 의견을 구해야 하는 믿을 만한 변호사이다.
5. Mr. White is an American gentleman. We were taught English by him.
① Mr. White is an American gentleman whom we were taught English by.
②
③
④
⑤
화이트씨는 우리가 영어 가르침을 받은 미국인 신사이다.
6. The total amount of exercise you need to balance out the amount of calories you consume depends on your 'energy balance.' Our bodies are said to be in 'energy balance' when the energy gained from the food we eat is equal to the total amount of energy we use up. When our bodies are in energy balance, we will neither lose nor gain weight.
여러분들이 소비하는 칼로리양과 균형을 잡기위해 여러분이 필요로 하는 운동의 전체량은 여러분의 에너지 균형에 달려있다. 우리의 몸은 에너지 균형에 있다고 말해 진다 우리가 먹는 음식으로부터 얻어진 그 에너지가 우리가 소비하는 에너지 전체량과 동일할 때. 우리의 몸이 에너지 균형을 이룰 때, 우리는 몸무게를 잃지도 얻지도 않는다.
7. Children who are growing into healthy men and women need different kinds of food and drink as well as sunshine, fresh air, and water.
건강한 남녀로 자라고 있는 어린이들은 여러 종류의 음식과 마실 것과 물론, 햇빛, 신선한 공기, 물을 필요로 한다.
8. The movie which we saw last night wasn't very good.
우리가 지난밤에 보았던 그 영화는 그렇게 좋지 않았다. (아주 좋은 것은 아니었다.)
우리가 지난밤에 보았던 그 영화는 매우 좋지 않았다. (×)
9. Some of the people couldn't come. I invited them.
① Some of the people whom I invited couldn't come.
② Some of the people I invited couldn't come.
③ Some of the people that I invited couldn't come.
④ Some of the people who I invited couldn't come.
내가 초대했던 그 사람들 중에 몇몇은 올 수가 없었다. (형용사절-한정적)
10. This is the man. I spoke of him yesterday.
① This is the man whom I spoke of yesterday. 이 사람은 내가 어제 말했던 남자이다.
② This is the man of whom I spoke yesterday.
③ This is the man that I spoke of yesterday.
④ This is the man who I spoke of yesterday.
⑤ This is the man I spoke of yesterday.
11. We know the girl. Her brother lives in France.
① We know the girl whose brother lives in France. 우리는 오빠가 프랑스에 사는 소녀를 안다.
12. The books are mine. You put them on the table.
① The books which you put on the table are mine.
② The books that you put on the table are mine.
③ The books you put on the table are mine. 네가 테이블위에 둔 그 책들은 나의 것이다.
13. The pencils are made in Denmark.
The box is full of them.
① The pencils which the box is full of are made in Denmark.
② The pencils the box is full of are made in Denmark.
③ The pencils of which the box is full are made in Denmark.
④ The pencils that the box is full of are made in Denmark.
그 박스에 가득 찬 연필들은 중국에서 만들어 졌다.
14. The pencils are made in the Netherlands.
The box is filled with them.
① The pencils which the box is filled with are made in the Netherlands.
② The pencils with which he box is filled with are made in the Netherlands.
③ The pencils the box is filled with are made in the Netherlands.
④ The pencils that the box is filled with are made in the Netherlands.
그 박스에 가득 찬 연필들은 중국에서 만들어 졌다.
| *Netherlands [néðǝrlǝndz] n. (the Netherlands) ⦗단·복수취급⦘ 네덜란드(Holland) 공식명 the Kingdom of the Netherlands 수도 Amsterdam 정부 소재지 The Hague *Dutch [dʌtʃ] ɑ. 네덜란드의; 네덜란드 사람의 n. ① (the Dutch) 네덜란드 사람《한 사람은 a Dutchman》 ② U. 네덜란드어 Holland [hάlǝnd/hɔ́l-] n. ① 네덜란드《공식 명칭은 the Netherlands》 ⟨cf.⟩ Dutch. ② ? (h-) 삼베의 일종《제본용》 ③ (pl.) (네덜란드산(產)) 진(=~́ gín) ♣ go Dutch 《구어》 각추렴하다, 비용을 각자 부담하다《with》 ∘ Let’s go Dutch. (비용은 각자가 부담하자.) = Let’s go fifty-fifty. 따위로도 말함. ∘ Dútch tréat 《구어》 비용을 각자 부담하는 회식〔오락〕 ∘ Dútch párty 《구어》 각추렴의 파티. Denmark [dénma:rk] n. 덴마크《수도 Copenhagen》 Danish [déiniʃ] a. 덴마크(사람·어)의 n. U. 덴마크 어 Dane [dein] n. ① 덴마크 사람 |
| ※ 한정사(determiners) the, a, an, some, any, no, other, another, both, either, neither, many, much, more, most; little, less, least; few, fewer, fewest what, whatever, which, whichever enough, several all, half each, every my, his, her, its, our, their, Tom’s, whose this, that, these, those such |
| my legs (소유격이 생물) Tom's leg the dog's legs legs of the desk (소유격이 무생물) the legs of the desk |
| ※ 어법 *예외는 있지만, 명사에 반드시 한정사를 붙여야 한다. <한정사 + 명사 + of + 한정사 + 명사> <한정사 + 명사 + of + 대명사> windows of it (×) Book is fun. (×) some windows of it (그것의 몇몇 창문들) the windows of it (= all windows of it) (그것의 모든 창문들) |
15. We found a house. Its windows were all broken. the house와 the window는 소속, 소유의 뜻
(= The windows of it were all broken.)
① We found a house whose windows were all broken. 우리는 창문이 모두 깨진 집을 발견했다.
② We found a house of which the windows were all broken.
③ We found a house the windows of which were all broken.
④ We found a house which the windows of were all broken. (×)
⑤ We found a house the windows of were all broken. (×)
⑥ We found a house that the windows of were all broken. (×)
16. This is my bottle. The water of it is sour. (= Its water is sour.)
① This is my bottle whose the water is sour. 이것은 물이 신 내 병이다.
② This is my bottle of which the water is sour.
③ This is my bottle the water of which is sour.
17. That mountain is Mt. Everest. The top of it is covered with snow.
(=Its top is covered with snow.)
① The mountain whose top is covered with snow is Mt. Everest.
② The mountain of which the top is covered with snow is Mt. Everest.
③ The mountain the top of which is covered with snow is Mt. Everest.
④ The mountain which the top of is covered with snow is Mt. Everest. (×)
정상이 눈으로 덮인 그 산은 에베레스트이다.
18. The book is well known to everyone. Its content is fantastic. (=The content of it is fantastic.)
① The book of which the content is fantastic is well known to everyone.
② The book the content of which is fantastic is well known to everyone.
③ The book whose content is fantastic is well known to everyone.
④ The book which the content of is fantastic is well known to everyone. (×)
⑤ The book the content of is fantastic is well known to everyone. (×)
⑥ The book that the content of is fantastic is well known to everyone. (×)
내용이 공상적인 그 책은 모든 사람에게 잘 알려져 있다.
19. This is the word. I don't know its meaning. (I don't know the meaning of it.)
① This is the word whose meaning I don't know. (이것은 내가 (그) 의미를 모르는 단어이다.)
② This is the word of which I don't know the meaning.
③ This is the word which I don't know the meaning of.
④ This is the word I don't know the meaning of.
⑤ This is the word that I don't know the meaning of. (X)
⑥ This is the word of which the meaning I don't know.
⑦ This is the word the meaning of which I don't know.
| ※ 어법 ① 뒤에 위치하는 수식어구절에 의해 하나가 분명할 때는 정관사 ‘the’를 피수식어 앞에 붙여야 됨. ② the + 보통명사의 복수 = 그 명사 전부 the books in our school library (우리학교 도서관의 책 전부) the + 물질명사의 단수 = 그 명사 전부 the water in this pond (이 연못의 물 전부) the money which they collected. (그들이 모은 돈 모두) a student of our school (우리학교의 한 학생) the student of our school (우리학교의 그 학생) some students of our school (우리학교의 몇몇 학생들) the students of our school = all students of our school (우리학교의 학생전부) the principal of our school (우리학교의 교장) the principals in our city (우리 시의 교장 모두) the principal (그 교장) the water in this bottle (이 병에 물 전부) some water in this bottle (이 병의 어느정도의 물) the pencils in this box (이 박스에 연필 모두0 the water (바다, 강) the sun (태양: 유일물) There is a little water in this bottle. (조금, 약간) There are a few pencils in this box. There is little water in this bottle. (거의 ~없다) There are few pencils in this box. (거의 ~없다) There is some water in this bottle. (어느 정도, 좀) There are some pencils in this box. (어느 정도, 좀) some pencils in this box two pencils in this box the view of my village (내 마을 전경) |
20. ① The men whom we are going to employ are diligent.
② The man who we are going to employ is diligent.
③ The man that we are going to employ is diligent.
④ The man we are going to employ is diligent. 우리가 고용할 예정인 그 사람들은 부지런하다.
21. The house which she livesin is a hut. 그녀가 사는 집은 오두막이다.
22. Children are called orphans. Their parents was dead.
① Children whose parents was dead are called orphans.
부모가 돌아가신 어린이를 고아로 불린다.
23. I'd like to meet the man. My parents know his surroundings well.
① I'd like to meet the man whose surroundings my parents know well.
내 부모님께서 (그의) 배경을 잘 아는 그 사람을 좀 만나고 싶다.
24. This is Tom. You met his father the other day.
① This is Tom whose father you met the other day.
이 사람은 일전에 네가 (그의) 아버지를 만났던 톰이다.
(이 사람은 톰인데 일전에 그의 아버지를 만난 적이 있다.)
25. There are the trees. Silkwarms live on their leaves.
① There are the trees whose leaves Silkwarms live on
② There are the trees of which the leaves Silkwarms live on.
③ There are the trees the leaves of which Silkwarms live on.
누에고치가 (그) 잎을 먹고사는 나무가 있다.
26. There are many insects in this book. I don't know their names.
(= I don't know the names of it.)
① There are many insects in this book whose names I don't know.
② There are many insects in this book of which the names I don't know.
③ There are many insects in this book the names of which I don't know.
이 책에 내가 이름을 모르는 많은 곤충들이 있다.
※ 위의 33번은 선행사와 관계대명사 사이에 형용사구(전+명)가 그 선행사를 수식하여 관계대명사와 더 불어 선행사를 이중으로 수식한 문장이다.
27. The information on which the conclusion was based is doubtful.
그 결론의 바탕이 되는 그 정보는 의심스럽다.
*Ⓐ be based on Ⓑ (Ⓐ는 Ⓑ를 기초로 하다, Ⓐ는 Ⓑ를 바탕으로 하다)
28. This is the house in which I lived as a little boy. 이곳은 내가 어린 소년 이였을 때 살았던 집이다.
29. We admired delicacywith which he treated his guests.
우리는 그가 그의 손님(내빈)을 다루는 섬세함에 감탄했다(섬세함을 칭찬했다).
*delicacy [délikǝsi] U. 섬세함; 정교함
30. There are a few doctor on whom we could depend. 우리가 신뢰할 수 있는 의사가 다소 있다.
31. The disease from which he died was at that time incurable.
그가 죽게 된 그 병은 그 당시에는 치료할 수 없었다.
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