10. 조동사 (an auxiliary verb)-2
| 긍 정 | 부 정 |
| can + v ∼ (1. ∼할 수 있다, 2. ∼일 수 도 있다) am(are, is) able to + v ∼ (∼할 수 있다) |
can not + v ∼ (1. ∼할 수 없다, 2. ∼일 리가 없다, ∼일 수 가 없다) am(are, is) not able to + v ∼ (∼할 수 없다) |
| could + v ∼ (∼할 수 있었다) = was(were) able to + v ∼ |
couldn't + v ∼ (∼할 수 없었다) = was(were) not able to + v ∼ |
| can + v ... (...할 수 있을 것이다) = will be able to + v ∼ |
can't + v ∼ (∼할 수 없을 것이다) = won't be able to + v ∼ |
| can have + p.p. ∼ (∼이었을 수 도 있다) could have + p.p ∼ (∼이었을 수 도 있다) |
cannot have + p.p ∼ (∼이었을 리가 없다.) couldn't have + p.p ∼ (∼이었을 리가 없다.) |
| may + v ∼ (1. ∼해도 좋다, 2. ∼일지도 모른다) |
may not + v ∼ (1. ∼안 해도 좋다, 2. ∼아닐지도 모른다) |
| might + v ∼ (∼일지도 모른다) | might not + v ∼ (∼아닐지도 모른다) |
| may have + p.p ∼ (∼했을지도 모른다) might + have + p.p ∼ (∼했을지도 모른다) |
may not + have + p.p (∼안했을지도 모른다) might not + have + p.p ∼ (∼안했을지도 모른다) |
| must + v ∼ (1. ∼해야 한다 2. ∼임에 틀림없다) |
must not + v ∼ (1. ∼해서는 안 된다, 2. ∼아님에 틀림없다) |
| have to + v ∼ (∼해야 한다) |
don't have to + v ∼ (∼할 필요가 없다) = need not + v ∼ |
| has to + v ∼ (∼해야 한다) |
doesn't have to + v ∼ = need not + v ∼ |
| had to + v ∼ (∼해야 했다) |
didn't have to + v ∼ (∼할 필요가 없었다.) = need not + v ∼ |
| will have to + v ∼ (∼해야 할 것이다.) | won't have to + v ∼ (∼할 필요가 없을 것이다.) |
| must have + p.p ∼ (∼했음에 틀림없다) | must not have + p.p ∼ (∼안했음에 틀림없다) |
| will + v ∼ (1. ∼할 것이다, 2. ∼하는 경향이 있다) |
will not + v ∼ (1. ∼하지 않을 것이다, 2. ∼하지 않는 경향이 있다) |
| would + v ∼ | would not + v ∼ |
| shall + v ∼ | shall not + v ∼ |
| should + v ∼ | should not + v ∼ |
| could have + p.p. ∼ (∼할 수 있었는데) |
could not have + p.p. ∼ (∼할 수 없었는데) |
| would have + p.p. ∼ (∼했을 텐데) |
would not have + p.p. ∼ (∼하지 않았을 텐데) |
| might have + p.p. ∼ (∼해도 좋았을 텐데) |
might not have + p.p. ∼ (∼안 해도 좋았을 텐데) |
| should have + p.p. ∼ (∼했어야 했는데 - 유감, 후회) |
should not have + p.p. ∼ (∼안 했어야 했는데 - 유감, 후회) |
| ought to + v ∼ (∼해야 한다) | ought not to + v ∼ (∼해서는 안 된다) |
| ought to have + p.p. ∼ (∼했어야 했는데 - 유감, 후회) |
ought not to have + p.p. ∼ (∼안 했어야 했는데 - 유감, 후회) |
| need + v ∼ | need not + v ∼ |
| need have + p.p. ∼ (∼할 필요가 있었는데. - 유감, 후회) |
need not have + p.p. ∼ (∼할 필요가 없었는데. - 유감, 후회) |
| dare to + v ∼ (감히 ~하다, 대담하게[뻔뻔스럽게도] …하다) | dare not + v ∼ |
| had better + v ∼ (차라리 ∼하는 게 낫다 - 상대방이나 제3자에게 권고, 충고) |
had better not + v ∼ |
| would rather + v ∼ (차라리 ∼하는 게 낫다 - 주어의 의지) |
would rather not + v ∼ |
▶ 조동사
1. can, may, need, must, will, shall
2. could, would, might, should
3. had better, would rather
4. have to, ought to, be able to, be unable to, used to, dare to, be allowed to
▷ may
1. A : May I smoke here? (허락)
B : Yes, you may. / No, you may not. / No, you must not.
2. You may go into the garden, but must not pluck the flowers.
3. You may come if you wish.
4. He may be rich = It is possible that he is rich. (추측)
5. He may have been rich. = It is possible that he was rich.
6. He may meet her. (현재추측)
7. He may have met her. (과거추측)
8. He might have met her. (가정법 주절형식 - 과거사실을 반대로 가정)
9. She may have been drowned.
10. Study hard while you may. (능력=can)
11. A man may be known by his friends.
12. No matter what he may do, he will not succeed. (∼할지라도)
= Whatever he may do, he
= Do what he will, he will not succeed.
13. He may be called a poet, but he cannot be called a scholar.
14. May he rest in peace! (기원)
15. May you succeed!
16. Might I ask your name? (공손)
17. He may well say so. (그가 그렇게 하는 것은 당연하다.)
= He says so, and well he may.
= He has good reason to say so.
= It is natural that he should say so.
= It is no wonder that he should say so.
= It is a matter of course that he should say so.
= It is not surprising that he should say so.
= It is natural that he should say so.
18. He may well get angry.
19. You may as well begin at once. (즉시 시작하는 것이 좋겠다.)
= You might as well begin at once.
= You had better begin at once.
20. You may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.
(B하느니 차라리 A하는 것이 낫다.)
21. You may as well call a cat a little tiger as call a tiger a big cat.
22. You may as well throw your money away as spend it in gambling.
23. You might as well reason with the wolf as try to persuade him. (불가능한 것)
24. You may as well not know a thing at all as know it but imperfectly. (가능한 경우)
25. You might as well expect the sun to rise in the west as expect me to change my opinion.
▷ can
1. I can speak English. (능력)
= I am able to speak English.
I could speak English.
= I was able to speak English.
I will be able to speak English.
I have been able to speak English.
I had been able to speak English.
I will have been able to speak English.
2. We have been unable to speak English. (현재완료)
3. You will be able to drive after a few more lessons. (미래시제)
4. I can swim.
= I am able to swim.
= I am capable of swimming.
= I am equal to swimming.
= It is possible for me to swim.
= Swimming is within my ability.
5. Who can he be? (추측, 강한 의혹)
6. Can it be true?
7. He cannot be honest. (∼리가 없다, ∼일수가 없다)
= It is impossible that he is honest.
8. He cannot have been honest. (∼리가 없었다, ∼일수가 없었다)
= It is impossible that he was honest.
9. You can go home now. (허가)
10. Could you show me the way to the station. (공손)
11. We cannot be too careful of our health. (아무리 ∼해도 지나치지 않다)
12. We cannot praise him too much.
13. You could have succeeded in your business. (sharp & starp.82)
(너는 너의 사업에서 성공할 수도 있었는데.)
14. You can go with us. (가벼운 명령)
(우리와 함께 갑시다.)
15. Snow can cover the ground for days together. (∼할 때도 있다)
=sometimes
▷ must
1. You must go there. (의무, 필요)
= It is necessary that you should go there.
= It is necessary for you to go there.
⇔ You need not go there.
= You do not need to go there.
= You do not have to go there.
= You have not to go there.
2. You must go there.
= You had to go there.
Do you have to go there?
You will have to go there.
3. You have only to do your duty. (∼하기만 하면 된다)
4. To understand it you have only to read this book.
5. He must be honest. (추측) ⇔ He cannot be honest.
= I am sure that he is honest. = It is impossible that he is honest.
= It is certain that he is honest.
6. He must have been honest. ⇔ He cannot have been honest.
= I am sure that he was honest. = It is impossible that he was honest.
7. He must needs come. (그는 반드시 오겠다고 고집하고 있다.)
8. Sooner or later, death must come to us all!
9. You must not tell a lie. ⇔ You may tell a lie.
10. I think that I must go.
I thought that I must go.
11. We must all die sometime. (필연-우리 모두가 반드시 죽는다.)
▷ will
1. He will often sit up reading all night. (현재의 불규칙적인 습관)
2. He will often come on Sundays.
3. Occasionally a machine will go wrong and it is impossible to find what the matter is.
4. The door will not open. (현재의 고집, 거절)
5. She will have her own way in everything.
6. This wood will not burn.
7. Accidents will happen. (습관, 경향, 습성)
A bear will not touch a dead body.
8. Boys will be boys.
9. He spends all the money he has as students will.
10. Dogs will bark when they see a stranger.
11. This vessel will hold 2 gallons of water. (포용력 : ∼할 수 있다)
12, He has a strong will. (명사 : 의지)
13. She was married against her will.
14. He made his will before his death.
15. He will have his own way in everything. (주어의 의지)
16. This will be your luggage, I suppose. (추측)
▷ would
1. The hall would seat 500 people. (포용력 : ∼할 수 있었다)
2. Would you pass me the salt? (공손)
3. He would be about twenty, when he met her. (추측 : ∼이었을 것이다)
4. He would often come home drunk, and beat his wife. (과거의 불규칙 습관)
5. Sometimes the boys would play a joke on the master.
6. He who would search for pearls, must dive deep. (소망=wish to=want to)
7. If you would catch fish, you must not mind getting wet.
8. If you would succeed in life, work as hard as possible.
9. Would that I were young again!
= Would to God I were young again!
= I wish I were young again!
10. He would not help me. (과거의 고집)
11. He was so obstinate that he would not listen to my advice.
12. I insisted that he should join us, but he would not.
13. She would not listen to me, whatever I might say.
I’d = I would, I should, I had의 간약형
14. I would rather die than live in dishonor. (B하느니 차라리 A하다)
= I would sooner die than live in dishonor.
= I had rather[sooner, liefer] die than live in dishonor.
= I may[might] as well die as live in dishonor.
= I would choose death before life in dishonor.
= I prefer dying to living in dishonor.
= I prefer to die rather than (to) live in dishonor.
15. She would have come earlier. (더 일찍 왔어야 했었는데.) (sharp & star-p.82)
16. He comes to see me after school. (sharp & star-p.84)
17. He will come to see me after school.
18. He would come to see me after school. (만나러 오곤 했다. - 과거의 불규칙 습관)
19. He would have come to see me after school. (만나러 왔어야 했는데.)
20. He would rather come to see me than go to see her. (만나러 오는 게 낫다.)
▷ shall
1. Pride shall have a fall. (古文 및 속담에서 단순 미래로)
(오만하면 큰코다친다.)
2. Seek, and it shall be given to you. (계율, 성경, 예언 등에)
(구하라, 그러면 주어질 것이다.)
3. The national flag shall be saluted. (국기에 대한 경례할 것)
4. He insists that she shall go there. (단순미래-직설법)
= He insists that she should go there. (가정법)
= He insists that she go there. (가정법)
5. I shall be sixteen years old next year. (단순미래)
6. Shall[Will] you be free tomorrow? (단순미래)
7. You shall have this watch. (화자의 의지)
= I will give you this watch.
You shall not have your own way in everything. (모든 일에 다는 네 길을 가도록 두지는 않겠다.)
8. He shall never make a mistake. (화자의 의지)
= I will never let him make a mistake.
9. Shall I open the window? (문 열어도 될까요? - 청자의 의지)
10. Shall he come in? (그를 들어오게 할까요? - 청자의 의지)
= Will you let him come in?
▷ should
1. The young should respect the old. (의무 : ∼해야 한다)
2. One should respect the freedom of others as well as one's own.
3. You should obey the laws.
4. You should have worked harder. (과거의 비난, 유감, 후회)
= I am sorry (that) you didn't work harder.
= I wish (that) you didn't work harder.
= Would that you didn't work harder.
= Would to God you didn't work harder.
= If only you didn't work harder.
= You had to work harder, but you didn't.
5. You should not have gone there.
= I am sorry that you went there.
6. I should have locked the door.
7. You shouldn't have laughed at his mistakes.
8. Why should you stay in Seoul in this hot weather? (강한 의문, 놀람, 당연)
9. How should I know it? = I don't know it at all.
10. Who are you that you should speak like this?
11. Who should come in but the very man we were talking of?
12. It is natural that he should get angry. (이성적 판단)
= It is natural for him to get angry.
= He may well get angry.
13. It is necessary that he should work hard.
= It is necessary for him to work hard.
14. It is strange that she should cry all day long. (감정적 판단)
15. It is a pity that Tom should be so near-sighted.
16. It is surprising that she should have killed herself.
17. It is strange that she should have married such an old man.
18. He should arrive by the 6:15 train. (추측) (그는 6시 15분 기차로 도착할 거야.)
19. I should like to go to America once more. (완곡한 표현) (다시 한 번 미국에 가고 싶은데요.)
20. Write it down in your notebook lest you should forget it. (∼하지 않도록)
= Write it down in your notebook so that you may not forget it.
21. He lowered his voice for fear that he should be heard. (∼하지 않도록)
22. He insisted that he should go to the party.
= He insisted on[upon] going to the party.
advise
be advisable
desire
require
request
demand
propose
move
suggest
order
23. I ordered that he (should) do it himself.
24. I demanded that the action (should) be postponed.
25. She desired that all the letters (should) be burnt after her death.
26. The ambassador requested that the captured ships (should) be returned.
27. I propose that the matter (should) be put to the vote at once.
28. I move that the case (should) be adjourned till tomorrow.
▷ ought to
1. You ought to start at once. (당연한 의무)
2. Such things ought not to be allowed.
3. You ought not to say such things.
4. You ought to have told me that matter yesterday. (과거의 유감, 비난)
(너는 어제 그 일을 나에게 말했어야 했는데. 즉 말하지 않아 유감이다.)
= You should have told me that matter yesterday.
= I am sorry (that) you did not tell me that matter yesterday.
= I wish you had told me that matter yesterday.
5. You ought not to have married her. (너는 그녀와 결혼하지 않았어야 했는데.)
6. He ought to have arrived at Seoul Station not now. (당연한 추측)
(그는 지금쯤 마땅히 서울역에 도착해 있을 거야.)
▷ dare
1. I dare not go there. (부정문-조동사) (나는 감히 거기에 가지 못한다.)
2. How dare you say such a thing to my face? (의문문-조동사)
(내 면전에서 네가 감히 나에게 그런 말을 할 수 있겠는가?)
3. He dares to insult me. (긍정문-일반동사)
4. He does not dare to tell us.
5. I dare say, he will come later. (아마, 그는 늦게 올 것이다.)
6. He is a brave and daring soldier. (그는 용감하고 대담한 군인이다.)
cf) 일반동사
I dare you to jump from this wall. 이 담에서 뛰어내릴 수가 있으면 뛰어내려 봐!
He dared me to a fight. 덤빌테면 덤비라고 그는 나에게 도전했다.
He dared to doubt my sincerity. 무례하게도 그는 나의 성실성을 의심했다
Don’t (you)dare go into my room! 내 방에 들어오는 (뻔뻔스런) 일은 절대로 없어야 한다.
▷ need
1. daily needs (명사 : 일용품)
2. immediate needs (당장 필요한 것들)
3. The house is in need of repair.
4. The friend in need is a friend indeed.
5. He needs your help.
6. Does he need to know it?
7. He need not go there.
= He does not need to go there.
= He does not have to go there.
8. He need not have written to her again. (∼할 필요가 없었는데 - 실제로는 했다)
= He wrote to her again, but it was not necessary.
9. He did not need to write to her again. (∼할 필요가 없었다 - 썼는지의 여부는 모름)
▷ used to
1. You use your legs when you walk.
[ju:z] vt. 사용하다, 이용하다
2. He had used up all his strength.
3. The telephone is of no use in this town.
[ju:s] n. 사용, 이용, 효용
4. He bought the map for use.
5. I used to get up early. (과거의 규칙적인 습관)
= I was in the habit of getting up early.
= I made it a rule to get up early.
= I made a point of getting up early.
= I made it a point to get up early.
6. There used to be a big tree here.
7. He is used to driving a car.
= He is accustomed to drive a car.
= He is accustomed to driving a car.
8. I am not used to being treated in this manner.
[ju:st]
9. Soldiers are used to danger.
10. They used to paint big pictures.
[ju:st]
11. They brushes are used to paint big pictures.
= They use these brushes to paint big pictures.
12. Ice is used to keep food from spoiling in summer.
[ju:zd]
▷ do(es)-did-done
1. I do think so. (동사강조)
2. He works harder than I do. (대동사)
3. In vain did he try to solve the problem. (도치)
Never did I see such a thing.
4. I didn’t do the dishes. (부정문)
5. Did you do the dishes? (의문문)
▷ have
1. Do you have supper at six?
2. You have to do it at once.
3. You have only to do it. (너는 그것을 하기만 하면 된다.)
4. He has gone to L.A.
5. I had him wash the car.
▶ Your recent column on TV violence gave a very one-sided view of the subject. I agree that there is a lot of violence on TV, but you only have to open the newspaper, turn on the radio, or look out of your window to see that violence is everywhere. TV shows just reflect that reflect.
Rapid Reading
1. His earnings of two pounds a week may have seemed insignificant beside his wife's unearned income. But in fact it was the basis of their married happiness. Every Saturday he handed her the whole of his wages.
2. He believed ignorance to be man's greatest enemy and he spent his wife telling people they were ignorant. This was a bold thing to do in those times. Today a man may tell the world that it is ignorant, and may urge people to learn and to get exact knowledge, but in the days of Bacon that was a dangerous thing to do.
3. The science of language is as interesting and fascinating as botany or zoology, and the linguist who studies printed pages may well be compared to the naturalist who hunts the field for his specimens.
4. Men marry without passion. Most of us have a very small circle for choice; the hazard of everyday life throws us into contact with this girl or that, and presently we begin to feel that we might as well save trouble and settle down as soon as possible, and the girl at hand will do as well as another.
5. Friendship is a vase, which, when it is cracked by heat, violence, or accident, may as well be broken at once; it can never be trusted after. The more graceful and ornamental it was, the more clearly do we discern the hopelessness of restoring it to its former state.
6. The process of producing a product may have already harmed the environment: destroying a forest, polluting a river, or creating dirty air.
7. You may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.
8. The purpose of the study of economics is to define what can or cannot be done in the use of the wealth of nations. The purpose is never to define what ought or ought not to be done. That is the province of ethics. And the province of politics is to find ways of doing what ought to be done.
9. He that loves reading has everything within his reach. He has only to desire and he may possess himself of every kind of wisdom to judge and power to perform.
10. He often says in the classroom that if we would really understand a nation, we should know its language as well as its manners and customs.
11. If you would only try a little harder, you would surely succeed.
(당신이 좀 더 열심히 노력하면, 틀림없이 성공할 텐데.) (미래 주어의 강한 의지)
12. I could beat him if I would. (그럴 마음만 있으면 언제든지 그를 이겨 줄 텐데.)
13. Mr. Pontifex would play to us upon the organ, and we would stand round him open-mouthed and think him the most wonderfully clever man that ever was born, except of course our papa.
14. If any progress is to be made with any of the problems that cause East-West tension, negotiators must meet, not in the hope of deceiving each other, but with an absolute determination that agreement shall be reached. (화자의 의지)
15. When we think of any virtuous or great deed, we cannot help thinking of the pain and obstacles that have to be met with in performing that deed. All our active moral morality is a against immorality. And I think that, as every religion teaches us, it must be granted that no human being has being has a perfect moral nature.
16. We cannot know too much about the language we speak every day of our lives. Most of us, it is true, can get along fairly well without knowing very much about our language and without even taking the trouble to open a volume of "The Oxford English Dictionary." But knowledge is power. the power of rightly chosen words is very great, whether those words are intented to uniform, to amuse, or to move.
17. The relationship of biography and history is clear. We cannot understand the life of a man without having knowledge of the world in which he lived and the great events of his time. For this information, the biographer will often turn to the historian to provide a detailed setting for the biographical study.
18. I never go into the barbershop or without saying something agreeable to everyone I met. I try to say something that treats them as an individual. I sometimes compliment the girl who waits on me in the store by telling her how beautiful her eyes are or her hair. I will ask a barber, "Don't you get tired standing on your feet all day? I will ask him how he came to take up barbering ... how long he has been at it, and how many heads of hair he has cut.
19. Television is having vast effects on national lives. It has caused a serious decline in the cinema, and many cinemas have had to close down. Indeed, many other sources of entertainment out of doors have been affected by television; for why go out, many people feel, when you can be entertained at your own fireside.
20. First of all, we must get rid of war. At the present time, the nations engaged in the cold war spend on preparations for slaughter thirty thousand million pounds a year, or five hundred and seventy thousand pounds a minute. Consider what this expenditure might do to promote human welfare. why should we not, instead, use our wealth for secure peace?
21. George Washington was very punctual. If he made an appointment for a certain hour, he would keep it at the exact moment. He expected those about him to be as punctual as himself, and he rarely took an excuse for lateness.
22. When a group of persons has been conquered by a nation and has been forced to learn the language and customs of the conquering nation, there is much resistance on the part of the conquered people to doing so. when, however, people voluntarily leave their home country and go to a new country, they should not hesitate to learn the customs and language of their new home.
23. The young man was put into prison, and a day was set for the usual trial in the king's arena. Never before had such an important trial taken place. The king gave orders that the fiercest tiger should be fetched. He himself chose the fairest lady among all those in the court as the reward for the young man if, by opening the right door, he proved that he was innocent.
24. Although I am young, life has no great attraction for me, and I would far rather be devoured by the monster than die of the grief which your death would cause me.
25. I need scarcely tell you that the greatest force in England is public opinion - that is to say, the general national opinion, or rather feeling, upon any subject of the moment.
26. The first lesson a young man should learn is, that he knows nothing; and that the earlier and more thoroughly this lesson is learned, the better it will be for his peace of mind, and his success in life.
27. When whales are lying quietly on the surface of the water, you cannot see very much of their bodies; but sometimes they will jump out of water. (습성, 습관, 경향)
28. If any progress is to be made with any of the problems that cause East-West tension, negotiators must meet, not in the hope of deceiving each other, but with an absolute determination that agreement shall be reached.
29. One might as well try to stop the progress of a mighty railroad train by throwing his body across the track, as try to stop the growth of the world in the direction of giving mankind more intelligence, more prosperity and more liberty.
30. If we read with care and sympathy, taking pains to understand and appreciate, we shall soon find out the books which nourish our mind, and agree with Macaulay when he said that he would rather live in a garret with a library than in a palace without one.
31. He that loves reading has everything within his reach. He has only to desire and he may possess himself of every kind of wisdom to judge and power to perform.
*possess himself of ┅ (┅을 자기 것으로 하다)
32. The purpose of the study of economics is to define what can or cannot be done in the use of the wealth of nations. The purpose is never to define what ought or ought not to be done. That is the province of ethics. And the province of politics is to find ways of doing what ought to be done.
33. In a battle, the wounded soldier may, till the fight is over, hardly realize his suffering; and even then he may forget it in the triumph of the victory or in the shame of the defeat.
34. There is one fact that you may as well face now, namely, that the easiest things are rarely the best for you. Trouble has been one of the great blessings to mankind. To overcome disease, famine, poverty, and other misfortunes, mankind has been actually forced by them into thinking out remedies.
35. One might as well try to stop the progress of a mighty railroad train by throwing his body across the track, as try to stop the growth of the world in the direction of giving mankind more intelligence, more prosperity and more liberty.
36. His earnings of ten pounds a week may have seemed insignificant beside his wife's unearned income. But in fact it was the basis of their married happiness. Every Saturday he handed her the whole of his wages.
37. Language is a living thing. A word is like a plant or an animal. It comes into existence, it grows, changes its form, matures and falls into decay. The linguist who studies printed pages may well be compared to the naturalist who hunts the field for his specimen.
38. Who should come in but our teacher himself?
(들어온 사람은 다름 아닌 바로 우리 선생님이 아닌 가요? 허참!)
39. What should I find in my soup but a silver coin? (Essence-p.2072)
(내 수프 속에는 다름 아닌 바로 은화가 들어 있지 않은가?)
40. I was walking up and down the street looking for his house, when who should tap me on the shoulder but the very person I was in search of?
41. Why should I not go there? (수사의문-역설적)
42. I earn my own bread; I love my wife and my children; I love my friends, and they love me; and I owe not a penny to ant man. Why should I not be happy?
43. Economic laws can no more be evaded than can gravitation. We might as well attempt to reverse the motion of the earth on its axis as attempt to reverse the industrial progress and send men back into the age of homespun.
*no more ∼ than ┅ (┅하지 않는 것은 ∼하지 않는 것과 같다)
44. In modern world, owing to the swiftness of locomotion, people are less dependent than they used to be upon their geographically nearest neighbors. Those who have cars can regard as a neighbor any person living within twenty miles.
*locomotion [lòukəmóuʃən] n. 운동, 이동, 전위(轉位); 운동력, 이동력; 여행, 교통기관
45. It is clear that our early human ancestors cannot have acted carefully but must have acted on instinct - friendship or hostility.
46. You may have heard of that lovely land called Italy, the land of golden sunshine and warm, soft air. there the skies are almost always blue - such a wonderfully deep blue that Italy is often called "The Land of Blue Skies."
47. Archimedes was the last man to say that anything was impossible. He took great delight in working out hard problems and when any question puzzled him, he would keep studying until he found some sort of answer to it.
48. He ought to have arrived by now, as he told me by telephone that he would leave Seoul at nine in the morning.
49. It is only natural that you should make light of those little things around you. It often happens, however, that those little things in daily life suddenly become important.
50. She looked so happy that I thought something wonderful must have happened.
