42. 부사절 : 3. 이유 4. 원인

3. 이유 - As s + v ⋯, s + v ∼ (┅때문에)

     Since s + v ⋯, s + v ∼

     S + v ⋯, because s + v ∼

     Now (that) s + v ⋯, s + v ∼

     Seeing (that) s + v ⋯, s + v∼

     In that s + v ⋯, s + v ∼

     On the ground that s + v ⋯, s + v ∼

     On grounds that s + v ⋯, s + v ∼

     On the grounds that s + v ⋯, s + v ∼

     that s + v ⋯

 

24. As I was tired, I went to bed early.

 

25. He was absent because he was ill.

          cf) I was sleeping, for I was tired. (추가적인 설명이나 판단의 근거 - 말하는 이의 발언의 근거)

 

     He must be ill, for he was absent.

     It's morning, for the birds are singing. (새들이 노래하고 있는 걸 보니 아침이네.)

     Which is yours, for John has asked me to fetch his back.

         (어느 것이 자네 것인가, 실은 존이 자기 것을 갖다 달라니 말일세.)

     He is a good athlete, for he has won prizes in many contests.

 

 

☞ ⦗부정어에 수반되어⦘ …라고 해서(―은 아니다)《이 뜻의 경우 앞에 comma는 붙지 않음》

 

25-1. Don't despise a man (only) because he is poorly dressed.

              (몸차림이 초라하다고 해서 (그것만으로) 사람을 경멸해서는 안 된다.)

 

25-2. Just because a man is rich, you can't say (that) he is happy.

              (사람이 부자라고 해서 그것만으로 행복하다고는 할 수 없다.)

        They don't want to stop working just because they are old. [Speed Master기본-p.20]

              (그들은 단지 나이가 들었다고 해서 퇴직하고 싶어하는 것이 아니다.)

 

25-3. He was not absent, because he was sick.

 

 

26. He couldn't attend the meeting, because he was sick.

 

26-1 As it was getting dark, we had to stop working.

 

26-2. The international project of building light-water nuclear reactors that is now under way in north Korea appears to be in danger as the United States' push to stop the project gains momentum amid heightening nuclear tensions. 

 

     *momentum [mouméntǝm] n. 운동량; 타성; 여세, 힘; 계기, 요소

     *amid [ǝmíd] prep. ┅와중에, ┅의 한가운데에

 

27. Since you are no longer a child, you ought to know better.

 

※ because, as, since의 차이 : 일반적으로 because는 뚜렷한 이유를 새로운 정보로 제공할 때, as는 보충적인 설명을 나타낼 때, since는 말하는 사람과 듣는 사람이 이이 알고 있는 내용을 말할 때 쓴다. 

 

28. If I find fault, it is not that I am angry; it is that I want you to improve.

 

▶ Since man has existed as a self-conscious social creature for only 30,000 years or less, this gives him a limitless opportunity for the attainment of knowledge and power. Long before he reaches that limit, he may make himself master of time and space. 

 

 

29. Seeing that it is 10 o'clock, we will wait no longer. 

 

     Seeing thatpassing was against all oddsfor the illiterate man, test officials could have provided oral assistance.

     시험 감독관들은 이 사람에게는 합격이란 거의 불가능에 가깝다는 사실을 보면서, 구두로 도와줄 수도 있었을 것이다.

 

     *against all (the) odds  1. 역경을 넘어서    2. 불가능    3. 고생

 

   We can step back out again and then reorganize the data by cause of death, seeing that circulatory diseases and cancer are the usual suspects, but not for everyone. If we go ahead and we filter by age say 40 years or less we see that accidents are actually the greatest cause that people have to be worried about. And if you drill into that, it's especially the case for men.

     우리는 여기서 한 발 더 뒤로 물러나 사망 원인에 따른 자료들을 재정리할 수도 있겠습니다. 순환계 질병들과 암이 모두에게 그런 것은 아니지만 가장 일반적인 사망 원인으로 나타나기 때문에. 우리가 연령대로 자료를 정렬하고, 40대 이하에 대해 살펴보면, 우리는 '사고'가 사람들이 가장 조심해야 하는 사망 원인임을 알수 있습니다. 그리고 조금 더 자세히 살펴보면특히나 남성에게 해당함을 알 수 있습니다.

 

 

30. Now that he is dead, we must find a successor.

 

31. Now that you have a good dictionary, you should make the best use of it.

 

32. In that he disobeyed, he was a traitor.

 

33. He wishes to resign on the ground that his health is failing.

 

4. 원인 (∼하니까, ∼하니, ∼하고서, ∼하여서, ∼해서), 판단근거(∼하다니, ∼하는 걸 보니)

 

     1. ⋯ that s + (should) + v ∼ (형식면에서 가정법의 일종)

     2. ⋯ that s + v ∼ (구어에서는 직설법형식)

 

1. I'm glad that you've completed the work.

 

2. I'm glad (that) you like it. (구어)

 

3. I'm glad that it is there because it reminds me of history.

 

4. I am afraid that I can't help you.

 

5. I am sorry that I am late.

 

6. I am glad that you like it.

 

7. I rejoiced that I had won a victory.

 

8. I am surprised that he should have won the gold medal.

 

9. It is a pity that he should miss such a golden opportunity.

 

10. It is strange that you should not know it.

 

11. I am sorry that you should be such a bigot.

 

     My heart is torn that I must be a carrier of bad news to those whom I love.

         사랑하는 사람들에게 나쁜 소식을 전해야 하다니 정말 가슴이 찢어질 것 같다.

 

12. She is very glad (that) you areable to come. (구어에서는 직설법이 일반적임)

 

13. She was angry that he had not won the race.

 

14. I was disappointed that he was going to be away all day.

 

15. He must be hurt that he should react like that.

 

16. Are you mad that you should do such a thing.

 

17. Who is he, that he should come at such an hour?

 

18. Am I a cow that he should offer me grass?

 

19. I'm scared (that) they won't welcome me or want to talk to me.