45. 부사절 : 6. 조건

7. 조건(가정법)

가정법	내용	종속절(조건절)	주절(귀결절)
현재	현재나 미래의 불확실한 사실을 가정	if + S + 현재동사 + ⋯,             원형동사             can + 동사원형	s + can + 동사원형 ⋯      will         :
과거	현재의 사실을 반대로 가정	if + S + 과거동사 + ∼,             were             could + 동사원형	s + could + 동사원형 ⋯          :
과거 완료	과거의 사실을 반대로 가정	if + S + had + 과거분사 + ∼,             had been             could + have + 과거분사	s + could + have + 과거분사 ⋯          :
미래	① 미래의 90%확실한 사 실을 반대로 가정	if + S + should + 동사원형 + ∼,	s + can[could] + 동사원형 ⋯           :
	② 미래의 100%불가능한 사실을 가정	if + S + were to + 동사원형 + ∼,	s + could + 동사원형 ⋯           :
과거		as if S + 과거동사 + ∼              were              could + 동사원형
과거 완료		as if S + had + 과거분사 + ∼              had + been              could + have + 과거분사
과거		I wish (that) S + 과거동사 + ∼                           were                           could + 동사원형	I wish = Would that = If only = Would to God
과거 완료		I wish (that) S + had + 과거분사 + ∼                           had + been                           could + have + 과거분사	I wish = Would that = If only = Would to God

 

 

68. If the report is true, anything can happen.

 

69. I can call your parents if it is necessary.

 

70. We will go, if the weather stays fine next Sunday.

 

71. What would you do if you were ten years younger?

 

72. If you had ten million won, what would you buy?

 

73. If she knew your address, she could write to you. <가정법>

     ⇦ As she doesn't know your address, she can't write you. <직설법>

     ⇦ She doesn't know your address, so she can't write you. <직설법>

     ⇦ She can't write you, because she doesn't know your address. <직설법>

 

74. If she had known your address, she could have written to you.

     ⇦ As she didn't know your address, she couldn't write you.

     ⇦ She didn't know your address, so she couldn't write you.

     ⇦ She couldn't write you, because she didn't know your address.

 

75. If I had enough time, I could go to see Mal-ja now.

      ⇦                                                                                                                                                     

 

76. If he liked her, he would meet her again.

     ⇦ As he doesn't like her, he will not meet her again.

     ⇦ He doesn't like her, so he will not meet her again.

     ⇦ He will not meet her again, because he doesn't like her.

 

77. If he had liked her, he would have met her again.

      ⇦                                                                                                                                             

 

78. If I were your mother, I would do the same thing.

      ⇦                                                                                                                                             

 

79. If I were a bird, I could fly to you.

      ⇦                                                                                                                                             

 

80. If I had been a bird, I could have flown to you.

      ⇦                                                                                                                                             

 

81. If I had had enough time, I could have finished my report.

      ⇦                                                                                                                                             

 

82. If he had had better sense, he would have succeeded in his business.

      ⇦                                                                                                                                             

      ⇦                                                                                                                                             

      ⇦                                                                                                                                             

 

83. I didn't know that you had to get up early, so I didn't wake you up.

      = As I didn't know that you had to get up early, I didn't wake you up.

      = I didn't wake you up, because I didn't know that you had to get up early.

       ➡                                                                                                                                             

 

84. If the sun were to collide with the moon, what would happen?

 

85. If anyone should call on me, tell him I am out.

 

86. I will help you unless it takes too long.

      ➡ If it doesn't take too long, I will help you.

 

87. I felt as if I were in a dream.

       ➡                                                                                                                                             

 

88. He talks as if[as though] he knew everything.

      ➡ In fact he doesn't know everything.

 

89. He talks as if he had known everything.

      ➡ In fact he didn't know everything. (or In fact he knows nothing.)

 

90. He talked as if he knew everything.

       ➡                                                                                                                                              

 

91. He talked as if he had known everything.

       ➡                                                                                                                                              

 

92. I wish (that) you got up early.

      ➡  I am sorry (that) you don't get up early.

 

93. I wish I had worked harder when I was young.

       ➡                                                                                                                                              

 

94. I wish I could see my home again.

       ➡                                                                                                                                              

 

95. As I did not take your advice then, I am not happier now.

       ➡                                                                                                                                              

 

95-1. You wouldn't expect to pull a $10 bill out of your wallet if you had not put one there in the first place. Similarly, you should not expect to remember a name that was so mumbled during an introduction that you never heard it clearly. Nevertheless, you might later say, “I was introduced to him ten minutes ago, but I have forgotten his name already .” The same is true of things you have briefly read in your textbook without really grasping them then making an effort to commit them to memory.

 

If you can’t remember something, it’s not because you’ve       Ⓐ       it but because you never really      Ⓑ     it.

 

 

① forget - know                       ② forgotten - known                ③ forget - known

④ misread - read                     ⑤ misread - red

 

 

*피로 (披露)【~하다 → 타동사】

     ① 문서 등을 펴 보임

     ② 일반에게 널리 알림

 

You wouldn't expect to pull a $10 bill out of your wallet if you had not put one there in the first place.   (여러분들이 여러분의 지갑으로부터 10달러 지폐를 꺼낼려고 하지 않을텐데, 여러분들이 애초부터 거기에 10달러 지폐를 두지 않았다면.)

 

one = a $10 bill 

 

♣ in the first place

① (이유 따위를 열거할 때) 첫째로, 우선

② 애초부터

 

*bríefly [bríːfli] ɑd. 짧게, 간단히; 일시적으로, 잠시

┈┈• to put it bríefly 간단히 말하면

 

96. If I could come, I should be glad. (가정법 과거)

     = If I were able to come, I should be glad. (그가 올 수 있다면 기쁠 텐데. - 실제로는 올 수 없다.)

 

97. If I could have found him, I would have told him. (가정법 과거완료)

      = If I had been able to find him, I would have told him.

           (만일 그를 볼 수 있었다면 그에게 그것을 말해 주었을 텐데.)

 

98. If you would only try a little harder, you would surely succeed. <미래 주어의 강한 의지> 

          (당신이 좀 더 열심히 노력하면, 틀림없이 성공할 텐데.)

 

     cf) (Essence-p.1135)

          If he is poor, he is a good chap. (= Although he is poor, he is a good chap.)

          If you've succeeded, don't forget you are a fool.

          If he proves to be rich, you need not respect him.

          If he did say that, I am sure he didn't intend to hurt your feeling.

 

99. In case (that) he does not come, will you go alone?  (만일 ∼경우에 대비하여; 만일 ∼경우에는)

 

99-1. In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. 

         = In the event of fire, ring the alarm bell.

 

       You may stay here so long as you keep quiet. (∼하는 한; ∼하는 동안)

       = You may stay here if only you keep quiet. (만일 ∼하기 만 하면)

       Once you come in, you cannot get out without permission. (일단 ∼하면)

       Once you have crossed the river, you will be safe.

       Once you start, you must finish it. (일단 시작했으면 끝장을 내야 한다.)

            cf) Once (I was) back in Korea, I found myself busy with the work. (∼하자마자)

                         (한국에 돌아오자마자 그 일로 매우 바빠졌다.)

 

100. Take your umbrella in case it should rain.

 

101. In case I forget, please remind me of it.

 

102. I will go there, providing (that) my expenses are paid.

 

103. I will consent, provided that all the others agree.

 

104. I will accept the post, on condition that you assist me.

 

105. You may stay here, so long as you keep quiet.

 

106. Suppose (that) he refuses, what shall we do?

 

107. Suppose I were your teacher, what would you want me to teach?

 

108. Supposing that it rains, what shall we do?

 

109. So that it is done, it matters not how. (그것이 이루어지기만 하면, 어떻게 이루어지든 상관없다.)

 

110. Unless he were busy, he might go there.

       = If he were not busy, he might go there.

 

111. But that I am poor, I could go abroad.      ⇦ As I am poor, I can not go abroad.

       = But what I am poor, I could go abroad.

       = Except that I am poor, I could go abroad.

       = Only that I am poor, I could go abroad.

 

       = If I were not poor, I could go abroad.

       = Were I not poor, I could go abroad.

       = Unless I were poor, I could go abroad.

       = But for my poverty, I could go abroad.

 

 

112. 부사(구)가 조건절에 해당

        In case of trouble, call for my help.

        In case of my husband's death, how could I bring up my little kids?

        = If my husband were to die, how could I bring up my little kids?

        = If my husband should die, how could I bring up my little kids?

 

       In the event of fire, ring the alarm bell.

 

       With guns, we could defeat the enemy.

       = If we had guns, we could defeat the enemy.

 

       With a little more industry, he would not have been poor.

       = If he had had a little more industry, he would not have been poor.

       = If he had been a little more industry, he would not have been poor.

 

      Without the sun, nothing could live on the earth.

      = But for the sun, nothing could live on the earth.

      = If it were not for the sun, nothing could live on the earth.

      = Were it not for the sun, nothing could live on the earth.

 

      Without the sun, all animals would have disappeared.

      = But for the sun, all animals would have disappeared.

      = If it had not been for the sun, all animals would have disappeared.

      = Had it not been for the sun, all animals would have disappeared.

 

      I would not do such a thing in your place. (내가 네 입장이라면 그런 일을 하지 않을 것이다.)

      = I would not do such a thing if I were in your place.

 

      I should be very glad to speak French.

      = I should be very glad if I could speak French.

 

      Coming an hour earlier, you might have met her.

      = If you had come an hour earlier, you might have met her.

 

113. 주어가 조건절에 해당

       An honest man would not do such a thing.

       = If he were an honest man, he would not do such a thing.

 

       An able doctor would have relieved her of pain.

       = If he had been an able doctor, he would have relieved her of pain.

 

       A man of wealth could have bought it on the spot.

       = If he had been a man of wealth, he could have bought it on the spot.

              (부유한 사람이었더라면 그것을 당장 살 수 있었을 텐데.)

 

       A true friend would not have betrayed you.

       = If he had been a true friend, he would not have betrayed you.

 

114. 관계사절이 조건절에 해당

        A man who had common sense would not do such a thing.

        = A man, if he had common sense, would not do such a thing.

 

        Anybody who should do so would be punished.

        = Anybody, if he should do so, would be punished.

 

115. 주절 or 종속절 생략

         That would seem strange. (그것은 이상한 것 같다.)

         = That would seem strange, if you didn't know the truth.

 

         He could easily have done it. (그는 그 일을 쉽게 할 수 있었을 텐데.)

         = He could easily have done it, if he had tried to do it.

 

         If the bee were to sting her nose!

         = If the bee were to sting her nose, what would be the result!

 

         What if there is an earthquake? (지진이 일어난들 무슨 상관이 있겠니?)

         = What matters it if there is an earthquake?

 

116. 'otherwise, or, or else' 의 쓰임

         I am engaged now, otherwise[or (else)] I would accept your invitation.

         = I am engaged now. I would accept your invitation if I were not engaged now.

 

         He worked hard; otherwise he would have failed.

              (그는 열심히 공부했다. 그렇지 않았으면 실패했을 것이다.)

 

         Otherwise he might have won. (조건이 달랐더라면 이겼을지도 모른다.)